How to Study for a Philosophy Exam

How to Study for a Philosophy Exam Perhaps youve heard this story: Thirty students are waiting to write a final exam for a philosophy course on the Theory of Knowledge. The professor enters the room, hands out blue books, picks up  a chair, places it on top of a table, and says, You are to write just one essay on this exam. Prove to me that this chair exists. You have two hours. A minute later one student gets up, turns in her answer book and leaves. The rest of the class slave away for two hours, explaining foundationalism, pragmatism, materialism, idealism, and every other ism they think is relevant.  But when the exams are returned, only one essay receives an A- the one turned in early.  The classmates of the student who got the A naturally demand to see her essay.  She shows it them. It consists of two words: What chair? If you have a philosophy final coming up, and youre feeling witty, you could try a strategy like that. But we wouldnt recommend it. Theres a 99.9% probability that in the real world, the two-word essay would have received a big fat F. In the real world, the most important thing to remember is to study for the exam in an active rather than passive way. What does that mean? Passive studying is where you look over your class notes, notes taken from books, old essays. Research has shown that this is not very effective. This may be especially true in philosophy because the abstractness of the material can often make recall difficult. So how can you make your studying active?  Here are four ways. Write Practice Essays, Preferably Timed This is probably the single most valuable exercise you can do. Writing under exam conditions- time limits and no notesforces you to organize what you know, strengthens your ability to recall details (definitions, arguments, objections, etc.), and often prompts original thoughts of your own that you might end up including if you write on the same topic in the exam. Most teachers should  be able and willing to give you sample questions that you can use for this purpose. Read, Keeping Practice Essays in Mind Before writing a practice essay, youll naturally need to prepare by studying the relevant material. But doing this sort of focused, purposeful studying is much better than just scanning many pages of notes and texts and hoping that some of it sticks. Think up Your Own Examples to Illustrate Abstract Points For instance, if youre writing about how utilitarians might be willing to sacrifice individual rights in order to promote the greatest happiness of the greatest number, you might think about a group of peeping toms who are all spying on someone in the shower. Its much easier to remember concrete examples than abstract principles; but once you do, youll probably find it easy to  recall the theoretical point the examples are making. Whoever is reading the essay may also give you credit if you use original illustrative examples: it shows you really understand what you are talking about and not just mindlessly repeating what someone else has said. Practice Making Outlines After youve written a practice essay and you have the material fully in mind, draft an outline for the essay youve just written, perhaps with some improvements. Again, this will help to organize your thinking and should help improve your ability to recall the material during the exam. Bottom Line The  mechanical basics of preparing for any  final are pretty much the same for all subjects: get a  good nights sleep; eat a good breakfast (or lunch) so your brain is fueled; make sure you have a spare pen. Some people also think it helps to sleep with the textbook under your pillow. Experts are skeptical about this strategy but, to date, its ineffectiveness has  never been conclusively proved.

Understanding Bioprinting and Its Applications

Understanding Bioprinting and Its Applications Bioprinting, a type of 3D printing,  uses cells and other biological materials as â€Å"inks† to fabricate 3D biological structures. Bioprinted materials have the potential to repair damaged organs, cells, and tissues in the human body. In the future, bioprinting may be used to build entire organs from scratch, a possibility that could transform the field of bioprinting. Materials That Can Be Bioprinted Researchers have studied the bioprinting of many different cell types, including stem cells, muscle cells, and endothelial cells. Several factors determine whether or not a material can be bioprinted. First, the  biological materials must be biocompatible with the materials in the ink and the printer itself. In addition, the mechanical properties of the printed structure, as well as the time it takes for the organ or tissue to mature, also affect the process.   Bioinks typically fall into one of two types: Water-based gels, or hydrogels, act as 3D structures in which cells can thrive. Hydrogels containing cells are printed into defined shapes, and the polymers in the hydrogels are joined together or crosslinked so that the printed gel becomes stronger. These polymers can be naturally derived or synthetic, but should be compatible with the cells.Aggregates of cells that  spontaneously fuse together into tissues after printing. How Bioprinting Works The bioprinting process has many similarities with the 3D printing process. Bioprinting is generally divided into the following steps:   Preprocessing: A 3D model based on a digital reconstruction of the  organ or tissue to be bioprinted is prepared. This reconstruction can be created based on images captured non-invasively (e.g. with an MRI) or through a more invasive process, such as a series of two-dimensional slices imaged with X-rays.     Processing: The tissue or organ based on the 3D model in the preprocessing stage is printed. Like in other types of 3D printing, layers of material are successively added together in order to print the material.Postprocessing: Necessary procedures are performed to transform the print into a functional organ or tissue. These procedures may include placing the print in a special chamber that helps cells to mature properly and more quickly. Types of Bioprinters As with other types of 3D printing, bioinks can be printed several different way.  Each method has its own distinct advantages and disadvantages. Inkjet-based bioprinting acts similarly to an office inkjet printer. When a design is printed with an inkjet printer, ink is fired through many tiny nozzles onto the paper. This creates an image made of many droplets that are so small, they are not visible to the eye. Researchers have adapted inkjet printing for bioprinting, including methods that use heat or vibration to push ink through the nozzles. These bioprinters are more affordable than other techniques, but are limited to low-viscosity bioinks, which could in turn constrain the types of materials that can be printed.Laser-assisted bioprinting uses a laser to move cells from a solution onto a surface with high precision. The laser heats up part of the solution, creating an air pocket and displacing cells towards a surface. Because this technique does not require small nozzles like in inkjet-based bioprinting, higher viscosity materials, which cannot flow easily through nozzles, can be used. Laser-assisted bioprinting also allo ws for very high precision printing. However, the heat from the laser may damage the cells being printed. Furthermore, the technique cannot easily be scaled up to quickly print structures in large quantities. Extrusion-based bioprinting uses pressure to force material out of a nozzle to create fixed shapes. This method is relatively versatile: biomaterials with different viscosities can be printed by adjusting the pressure, though care should be taken as higher pressures are more likely to damage the cells. Extrusion-based bioprinting can likely be scaled up for manufacturing, but may not be as precise as other techniques.Electrospray and electrospinning bioprinters  make use of electric fields to create droplets or fibers, respectively. These methods can have up to nanometer-level precision. However, they utilize very high voltage, which may be unsafe for cells. Applications of Bioprinting Because bioprinting enables the precise construction of biological structures, the technique may find many uses in biomedicine. Researchers have used bioprinting to introduce cells to help repair the heart after a heart attack as well as deposit cells into wounded skin or cartilage.  Bioprinting has been used to fabricate heart valves for possible use in patients with heart disease, build muscle and bone tissues, and help repair nerves. Though more work needs to be done to determine  how these results would perform in a clinical setting, the research shows that bioprinting could be used to help regenerate tissues during surgery or after injury. Bioprinters could, in the future, also enable entire organs like livers or hearts to be made from scratch and used in organ transplants. 4D Bioprinting In addition to 3D bioprinting, some groups have also examined 4D bioprinting, which takes into account the fourth dimension of time. 4D bioprinting  is based on the idea that the printed 3D structures may continue to evolve over time, even after they have been printed. The structures may thus change their shape and/or function when exposed to the right stimulus, like heat. 4D bioprinting may  find use in biomedical areas, such as making blood vessels by taking advantage of how some biological constructs fold and roll. The Future Although bioprinting could help save many lives in the future, a number of challenges have yet to be addressed. For example, the printed structures may be weak and unable to retain their shape after they are transferred to the appropriate location on the body. Furthermore, tissues and organs are complex, containing many different types of cells arranged in very precise ways. Current printing technologies may not be able to replicate such intricate architectures. Finally, existing techniques are also limited to certain types of materials, a limited range of viscosities, and limited precision. Each technique has the potential to cause damage to the cells and other materials being printed. These issues will be addressed as researchers continue to develop bioprinting to tackle increasingly difficult engineering and medical problems. References Beating, pumping heart cells generated using 3D printer could help heart attack patients, Sophie Scott and Rebecca Armitage, ABC.Dababneh, A., and Ozbolat, I. â€Å"Bioprinting technology: A current state-of-the-art review.† Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 2014, vol. 136, no. 6, doi: 10.1115/1.4028512.Gao, B., Yang, Q., Zhao, X., Jin, G., Ma, Y., and Xu, F. â€Å"4D bioprinting for biomedical applications.† Trends in Biotechnology, 2016, vol. 34, no. 9, pp. 746-756, doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.03.004.Hong, N., Yang, G., Lee, J., and Kim, G. â€Å"3D bioprinting and its in vivo applications.† Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 2017, vol. 106, no. 1, doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.33826.Mironov, V., Boland, T., Trusk, T., Forgacs, G., and Markwald, P. â€Å"Organ printing: computer-aided jet-based 3D tissue engineering.† Trends in Biotechnology, 2003, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 157-161, doi: 10.1016/S0167-7799(03)00033-7.Murphy, S., and Atala, A. †Å"3D bioprinting of tissues and organs.† Nature Biotechnology, 2014, vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 773-785, doi: 10.1038/nbt.2958. Seol, Y., Kang, H., Lee, S., Atala, A., and Yoo, J. Bioprinting technology and its applications. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 2014, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 342-348, doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezu148.Sun, W., and Lal, P. â€Å"Recent development on computer aided tissue engineering – a review.† Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 85-103, doi: 10.1016/S0169-2607(01)00116-X.

Personal statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personal statement - Essay Example I demonstrated my skills by starting a debut â€Å"high tech† home health agency where I together with my fellow practitioners infused blood products, IVIG, pain management and chemotherapy agents. I further gained knowledge and skills, two years after successful training in the Metabolic and Oncology units, in handling open heart patients and trauma patients while working in the ICU. Having demonstrated further skills in leadership and critical decision making in difficult situations, I was promoted to nurse in charge position. With 8 years into the promotion as charge nurse, I got a transfer to the Emergency medicine where I continued to naturally demonstrate my leadership qualities. I developed a comprehensive plan to enhance and facilitate the delivery of the emergency care in the ER. This plan entailed patients the highest priority and emphasizing on the customer service. This was the cause of my immediate promotion to the position of the Director of the Emergency Department. I returned to outpatient job after 12 years in the ER. Currently I am employed with a pharmacy as an infusion nurse where I handle Pulmonary Hypertension patients and those in need of enzyme replacement or IVIG infusions. I also partly work with other hospitals, offering education on therapies to nurses and physicians on the same caliber. All these time I have focused on developing further my assessment skills and ability to make critical decisions and multitasking. Personally, I regard a Nurse Practitioner as important personnel in modern healthcare services. In most cases, the practitioner assists the Managing Director to deliver care; without them, almost all patients can go unattended. In addition, they examine patients professionally and help them make good decisions concerning health. Practitioners are a necessity for the successful delivery of healthcare. I chose nurse practitioner for several reasons: firstly, I have enough time to study nursing.

Emergency Management (How has modern technology improved emergency Research Paper

Emergency Management (How has modern technology improved emergency response capabilities and how will this technology impact or improve future emergency response operations) - Research Paper Example The software development process is focused on developing methods to generate high resolution fused data studies to create three-dimensional product view among other features for correct forecasting, generating accurate weather alerts, which is just one of the various features of software development. The future promises new technological improvements on emergency communication in the times of disaster. Technological advancements also offer new challenges to apply new innovations in the current Department of Homeland Security (DHS) programs. The ongoing communication programs need to be revised for assimilating future additions of modern technology. Cyber Security & Communications (CS&C) has always played a leading part in the overall security of the nation’s 18 important infrastructure divisions under Homeland Security President Directive-7 (HSPD-7). CS&C is behind all the government communications programs related to priority services such as GETS, which is a White House initiated emergency telecommunications service, offering communications support to all government and non-government missions Emergencies are not a new phenomenon in the contemporary as well as the previous world. Everyone existing in any part of world has experienced, witnessed or heard of these detrimental phenomenona. Emergencies result due to uncertain disasters that threaten to ruin lives of human beings. Emergencies are never desired or planed by human beings, but occur unfortunately. Even if human beings do not plan or desire emergencies, they sometimes by mistake contribute to the occurrence of the demise within their respective societies. Emergencies due to human mistakes results from wars either civil or political, environmental pollution and setting of impractical policies destined at bettering security and food safety. Natural emergencies occur due to uncontrolled natural calamities like earthquakes, storms,

Kangaroo, an Australian Icon Essay Example for Free

Kangaroo, an Australian Icon Essay An Australian Icon is defined as â€Å"an image or symbolic representation, which often holds great significance and importance to the Australian culture. † Every country has icons that represent their culture and values; Nelson Mandela is an example of a South African icon but also an icon of the world, who represented statesmanship, courage, freedom and equality against apartheid. Australia also has many significant icons such as the Sydney Opera House, Uluru, vegemite, Ned Kelly, and the Koala to name a few. These have all played significant parts in Australia’s background, culture and values. Uniquely Australian. Ultimately, the Kangaroo has to be Australia’s most famous and significant icon, it is known by the majority of people around the world and associated always with Australia. Due to the similarities it shares with the Australian character, it is recognised as the typical icon of Australia. The kangaroo represents Australia in many ways including: the logo for Qantas airlines, mascots for many sporting teams, and all products made in Australia are represented by the gold and green kangaroo trademark. Likewise it is represented on many television programs (e. g. Skippy the bush kangaroo), movies (e. g. kangaroo Jack), songs (e. g.Tie Me Kangaroo Down Sport), toys and souvenirs. Most significantly of all, the kangaroo appears on the Australian Coat of Arms. Being an animal exclusive to Australia as well as one that can’t move backwards, the kangaroo is symbolically appropriate in representing Australia and the countries progress forward. Historical, Social, Cultural Context The kangaroo holds a significant historical, cultural and social background to Australia. Before European settlement (around 1780’s), the kangaroo was an important animal to Aborigines for its meat, hide, bones and sinews. It was also used in Aboriginal dreaming stories (also an icon of Australia). There is a well-known myth about kangaroo’s and how they got their name. When European settlers arrived, seeing such a strange animal they asked the Aboriginals what it was, and they replied with ‘kanguru’. In their language this meant ‘I don’t know’ which is supposedly how the kangaroo got its name. Aboriginal tribes have many different legends regarding the kangaroo and some see it as a reincarnation of their ancestors. Over the past 200 or so years, the kangaroo has broadened a lot in historical significance; it is one of the oldest icons of Australia and therefore should be kept that way. By contributing the Kangaroo to a National Australian exhibition, it will help to keep the icon of the kangaroo alive and significant. The kangaroo represents Australia’s cultural and social background and is internationally recognisable. It represents the Australian character in many ways including: Its size, strength and speed, which make it a national logo/emblem for Australian organisations and especially sporting clubs. Kangaroo’s are also symbolic of another Australian trait; to stick up for your self and not back down. With their large feet and long tail kangaroos find it hard to move backwards, indicating that Australians are people who are moving forward and growing as people of Australia. Discourse Discourses are the â€Å"social and cultural practices through which individuals and groups use language to establish their identities†¦they provide ways of being, thinking, acting and using language so that people can identify themselves in social and cultural networks† Discourses affect peoples views on all things, for example, two different discourses can be used about various guerrilla movements describing them either as freedom fighters or terrorists. The Kangaroo is so well represented as Australian that it has come to support and embody the dominant Australian discourse of both indigenous and non-indigenous people of Australia. This is evident through strength, fighting spirit, individualism, attitude, and their tough/rough personalities. To conclude this proposal, the kangaroo should be contributed to the National Exhibition titled ‘Icons of Australia’ because it represents Australians in such a way that it is known by most people throughout the world. The Kangaroo is recognised culturally, socially and historically and symbolises Australian discourse through its many traits. It is a unique animal to Australia and makes a huge contribution to Australia’s national identity. Representing Australia in so many ways, the kangaroo plays such a big part in Australia’s culture, history and even future, the National exhibit would be such a good way to show and help Australians understand how such an icon can play such a big part in the country of Australia. Bibliography Icon definition: icon ,2008, www. thefreedictionary. com/icon 20/05/08 Kangaroo Myth: Kangaroo, 2000, http://www. frogandtoad. com. au, 20/05/08 Discourse: M. Miller R. Colwin, Queensland Senior English, Macmillan Education).

Symbolism in A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams Essay

Symbolism in A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams â€Å"Symbols are nothing but the natural speech of drama†¦the purest language of plays.† Once, quoted as having said this, Tennessee Williams has certainly used symbolism and colour extremely effectively in his play, ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’. A moving story about fading Southern belle Blanche DuBois and her lapse into insanity, ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’ contains much symbolism and clever use of colour. This helps the audience to link certain scenes and events to the themes and issues that Williams presents within the play, such as desire and death, and the conflict between the old America and the new. Scene Three is one of the pivotal scenes of the play. That Williams thought of it in this way is indicated by his choice of the title ‘The Poker Party’ for the third version of the play. The scene begins with extremely explicit stage directions, and one will note that Williams intends the stage to be full of bright, vivid colours - to signify the coarseness and directness of the poker players and their surroundings. The yellow linoleum, the bright green glass shade, the blue red and green of the men’s shirts - all are colourful and contrasting, and this is indicative that they are impervious to subtlety and ambiguity, two of Blanche’s key characteristics. She is usually seen wearing whites and pinks, and looking very soft and feminine. This will, on stage, contrast oddly with the colour and brightness around her. Williams uses this technique of colour to signify Blanche’s inability to fit in with her surroundings. However, she is also seen in differe nt colours, symbolic of what she is doing at that moment. She is usually seen in white, indicative of the purity she claims to possess. At other instances, she is dressed in a scarlet silk robe, when she is flirting with Stanley and Mitch. This is suggestive of a ‘scarlet woman’, and draws the audience’s attention to Blanche’s fatal flaw. When on stage together, Blanche’s frilly, dainty clothes are in sharp contrast with Stanley’s greasy seersucker pants, or his vivid green bowling shirt. Blanche herself is symbolic of the old, genteel South, while Stanley epitomises the new generation of working-class Americans; this clash is cleverly brought out by their contrasting costumes. It is also interesting to note that in Scene Eleven, Blanche is dressed in ... ... all the games. Blanche’s fear of bright light is symbolic of her fear of being exposed for who she really is, and her incessant bathing is almost like a ritual cleansing of sins that she can never really purge. Her inability to use the telephone to contact Shep Huntleigh and Mitch is also indicative of her inability to communicate with the other people in her world, which is partly the reason for her subsequent insanity. Few playwrights use symbolism as extensively as Tennessee Williams, and even fewer use it as effectively as he. Even in ‘The Glass Menagerie’ he uses Laura’s collection of glass figurines as symbols, giving insight into her multi-faceted character, and her delicate, fanciful ways. The fate of the unicorn is also a smaller-scale version of her fate at the end of the play. Williams is fully aware of the fact that plays are meant to be staged. His themes and issues are complex, so he uses symbols and colours to highlight events and important issues, thus helping his audience. Looking deeply into his play, we see that not only is ‘A Streetcar Names Desire’ full of symbolism, the play itself is symbolic of the clashes between Old and New, the Past and the Present.

Analysis of Slough by John Betjemen Essay

In Slough, Betjemen presents many ideas about his views on technological advancement. Most of these views are negative, and he comes off as being very cynical of the system, and also portrays a sort of violent hatred towards the industrialisation and rise of capitalism in Slough. However, he also seems to have some hope for the future. Initially, Betjemen uses lots of repetition of words such as ‘tinned’ to emphasise his views. The phrase ‘tinned mind, tinned breath’ could possible be used to suggest even the very things that make people human – such as the mind and the breath – have too become commercialised and artificial due to the growth of industry and capitalism in Slough. Furthermore, he compares mind and breath to ‘tinned milk, tinned beans’, which could possibly be used to symbolise how ‘mind and breath’ have lost all value or meaning. In addition, he refers to ‘peroxide hair’ and ‘synthetic air’. This could possibly be used by Betjemen to portray the artificial nature of modern living and how unnatural and superficial it is. This cynicism is emphasised by the way in which this poem makes use of lots of enjambment. This could possibly suggest that this poem is a sort of ‘rant’ by Betjemen, and that he releases all his views in a sort of ‘stream of consciousness’. Alternatively however, the fact that full stops are used at the end of each stanza could possibly suggest that Betjemen has structured this poem intentionally, to emphasise every point made in each stanza, and that this poem is used to provoke thought in the reader. John Betjemen is also portrayed as being quite angry at these occurrences in the poem. The fact that he calls for ‘friendly bombs to fall on Slough’ is quite drastic, and the oxymoron of ‘friendly’ and ‘bombs’ is quite peculiar, but also portrays how he wants Slough to be destroyed. Furthermore, he writes ‘Swarm over, Death’, which again, is quite drastic, but Betjemen possibly uses this phrase to portray the extent to which he hates Slough now. He also asks these ‘bombs’ to ‘blow’ Slough ‘to smithereens’, which could possibly be used to suggest that he wants the town to be destroyed to the point of no return, and that he doesn’t want this way of living to come back. In addition, Betjemen writes ‘smash his desk of polished oak’ and ‘smash his hands’. The use of violent language such as ‘smash’ accurately portrays Betjemen’s fury and anger tow ards Slough, and the description of ‘polished oak’ could possibly represent how Betjemen wants this new method of opulent and capitalist living to end. However, Betjemen also portrays the way in which there is possibly hope for the future. In the poem, he asks for the bombs to spare ‘the bald young clerks’ and that it’s ‘not their fault’, showing how Betjemen still has hope in humanity, and that it is the people at the top of the system who are responsible for all these issues. In addition, the fact that Betjemen writes that they ‘daren’t look up and see the stars’ could possibly suggest that this issue of industrialisation and commercialism is thankfully confined to this area, and that hopefully, other part of the world will stay the way they are. Furthermore, Betjemen writes that the ‘cabbages are coming now’, which could possibly suggest that this is all going to end, and that eventually everything will revert back to normal, being ‘ready for the plough’. The fact that the ‘earth exhales’ could possibly be a ‘sigh of relief’ that this is all over. However, alternatively, it could suggest that it is the Earth’s ‘final breath’ before death due to the acts of mankind, and the full stop at the end of the poem could suggests that there is possibly no future. Overall, Betjemen seems to very critical of the developments of mankind, and describes its many downfalls. However, it is evident that he keeps an open mind, and hopes for a better future.

Contributions of Carbon Dioxide Removal as Geoengineering Solution to Climate Change

Contributions of Carbon Dioxide Removal as Geoengineering Solution to Climate Change Abstraction Climate Change I will hold an overview and a speedy treatment on clime alteration as an debut for the paper. Geoengineering Technologies When it comes to environmental direction you can non acquire any longer banal today than a focal point on clime alteration, nevertheless, I wish to undertake this subject in a alone manner. While I plan on discoursing green engineering and C caps, the chief focal point of my paper will be on clime technology besides known as geoengineering. Geoengineering, in my sentiment, is frequently a forbidden subject as many see human accommodation of the natural order to be avoided at all cost. I feel this to be a subset of the realistic false belief. The fact of the affair is that if worlds expect to stabilise the clime, they need to take a more active function on it. Geongineering engineerings chief end is Geoengineering engineerings fall under two classs: ( 1 ) Carbon Dioxide Removal ( CDR ) which â€Å" reference warming effects of nursery gases by taking C dioxide from the ambiance † ; and ( 2 ) Solar Radiation Management ( SRM ) which, on the other manus, â€Å" address clime alteration by increasing the coefficient of reflection of the Earth ‘s ambiance or surface† ( Bracmort, K. , & A ; Lattanzio, R.K. , 2013 ) . Such illustrations of CDR are carbon gaining control and segregation ( CCS ) , ocean fertilisation, enhanced weathering, and afforestation while illustrations of SRM are aerosol injection and space-based reflectors. While SRM methods purpose to cut down sunshine being absorbed by our ambiance, CDR methods work to take nursery gases from the ambiance or pin down it before even making the ambiance. Solar Radiation Management if to be cardinal manner of extenuating milliliter, utmost temperature displacements as a effect best deployed with other policies merely needed for utmost high clime sensitiveness cheap, fast, imperfect, but non proven. Warm really rapidly alterations may change precipitation forms saving of nursery gases other than co2 -less sum of uv radiation striking which might widen atmospheric life-time of ghg other than carbon dioxides recreation from more lasting solns unknown effects of large-scale geoengg Enhanced Albedo Features.Increase coefficient of reflection or reflective power of certain surfaces to direct more solar radiation back to the infinite. Limit temp addition. Targets are urban countries painting roofs and paved countries white with estimated monetary value of several billion dollars, but save money on energy costs Drawbacks may include uncomfortable blaze, concern for aesthetic entreaty of roof or paved country, loss of coefficient of reflection if unmaintained, addition in energy costs in colder climes due to cut down good winter clip heat additions, diminution in the usage of asphalt, a crude oil residue. Other techniques include modify workss thru familial engg to augment reflective power. Will take a decennary to be avaiable. Covering oceans with brooding surfaces to heighten reflective power. Impact in aquatic life? Cloud lightening. Dispersion of cloud-condensation karyon in clouds on continual footing. Satellites will mensurate cloud reflective power and determine sum of chilling needed. Could be halted rapidly and clouds could return to normal in a few yearss – long term deductions non yet known. Marine could be disturbed. Current position of the engineering.Surface types, application countries and costs under probe. USDOE NNSA reported lessening in edifice heat and chilling costs by around 70 % yearly on reroofed parts. Long term deductions non yet known. May disturb Marine wildlife.. ocean currents, precipitation forms sum of chilling needed and where.. research needed west seashore of North America could be†¦ Aerosol Injection Features.Under certain fortunes, usage of SRM techniques may take to ozone depletion. Dispersal of aerosols, such as H sulphide or sulfir dioxide in stratosphere to reflect solar radiation. Annual cost several billion of dollars depending on sum location typr of atoms injected seeks to copy big volcanic eruptions, cut down planetary temperatures S release are random with chilling impacts. It have to happen several times over decennaries or centuries to countervail radiative forcing by ghg short effectivity possible benefit: reduced or reversed sea and land ice runing, every bit long as aersols dont settle on or darken snow and ice hazards could be drought in Africa and Asia – loss in agricultural productiveness, ghg impact from transporting aersol to site of injection, stratopheric ozone depletion, weakening of sunshine for solar power, less bluish sky, obstructor of Earth-based optical uranology. Current position of the engineering.No testing yet. Space-based Reflectors Features.Shields in infinite to cut down sum of incoming solar radiation Effectiveness of shield vary on design, stuff, location, measure and care types suggested are lunar glass, aluminium yarn gauze, metallic reflecting gumshoes, refracting discs Proposed locations: low Earth orbit and Lagrange point 1 ( L1 ) four times further from Earth than the Moon Current position of the engineering.Theoretical Proposal. Requires extra survey to measure shield costs, execution ( transit, care demands, shield disposal ) ecological impacts Global or regional degree? A Shield to to the full change by reversal planetary heating May costs a few trillion dollars, implemented over 25 old ages Carbon Dioxide Removal Carbon Capture and Sequestration Features. Current position of the engineering. Afforestation Features.Afforestation is fundamentally seting of trees or tree seedlings. It is considered one of the safest manner to battle clime alteration. Restoration of wildlife and reduces the rate of eroding Current position of the engineering. Ocean Fertilization Features.Besides called Fe fertilisation, it is one of the oldest geoenginering engineering to battle clime alteration. The chief end is to straight or indirectly put Fe in to the deeps of the ocean to temporarily hive away C where it can non be exchanged with the ambiance. Stimulate phytoplankton growing by 30 % – 3 oceans Procedure involved in biological production, decomposition, and alimentary cycling in the unfastened ocean ( cite, day of the month ) . 1. Air and sea exchange C dioxide. 2. Phytoplanktons take up C dioxide to turn. 3. Zookplanktons and phytoplanktons respire C dioxide. 4. Fragments of disintegrating phytoplanktons and faecal pellets from zooplanktons both contain C. 5. Individually or in aggressions, called Marine snow, these carbon-containing atoms sink. 6. Merely 5 to 50 % of the entire C from bloom reaches 100 metres. About 2 to 25 % sinks between 100 to 500 metres. 7. Microbes decompose atoms further. Zooplanktons eat some of this stuff. 8. Possibly merely 1 to 15 % of the original C in surface Waterss sinks below 500 metres. 9. Carbon dioxide from organic affair respiration recirculates back to surface Waterss. 10. Zooplankton migrate up at dark to feed and endorse to the deepnesss during the twenty-four hours. Current position of the engineering. Merely two experiments conducted til 2007 to describe in 2nd stage. Efficiency of phytoplankton to sequester C is low. — makikita natin yun SA procedures explained above. Enhanced Weathering Features.Weathering/disintegration of silicate and carbonate stones to take carbon dioxide. Current position of the engineering. Discussion The Future of Carbon Dioxide Removal Recent Developments Costss and Economic Potential Some can be done with merely a comparatively little sum of money and you can see fiscal payback†¦ The two cheapest geoengineering engineerings are afforestation and aerosols. The former is safe but it merely has limited effectiveness and will wait for at least 20 old ages to cognize its effects on clime alteration. The latter is what they call the ideal method because it is really effectual and inexpensive at the same clip. However, it can besides present unwanted side effects, therefore, has high degree of uncertainness. Environmental Risks and Restrictions Every thing has a hazard of its ain. If miscalculated, these geoengineering engineerings may present some great impact to the environment, may hold negative effects, and/or may be deemed uneffective. It may non be avoided since there are besides external factors like natural alterations, catastrophes, and even alterations in carnal behaviour. The lone inquiry is, is this the hazard we are willing to take? Decision Mentions Bracmort, K. & A ; Lattanzio, R.K. ( 2013 ) . Geoengineering: Administration and Technology Policy ( CRS Report ) . Retrieved from Federation of American Scientists web site: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41371.pdf Caldeira, K. , Bala, G. , & A ; Cao, L. ( 2013 ) . The scientific discipline of geoengineering. The Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Science 41, 231-56. Department of the Interior: 10.1146/annurev-earth 042711-105548 Hartman, J. , West, A.J. , Renforth, P. , Kohler, P. , De La Rocha, C.L. , Wolf-Gladrow, D.A. , Durr, H.H. , Scheffran, J. ( 2013 ) . Enhanced chemical weathering as a geoengineering scheme to cut down atmospheric C dioxide, supply foods, and extenuate ocean acidification. Reviews of Geophysics 51, 113-149. Department of the Interior: 10.1002/rog.20004 Kriegler, E. , Edenhofer, O. , Reuster, L. , Gunnar, L. , & A ; Klein, D. ( 2013 ) . Is atmospheric C dioxide removal a game modifier for clime alteration extenuation. Climatic Change 118, 45-57. Department of the Interior: 10.1007/s10584-012-0681-4 Lackner, K.S. , Grimes, P. , & A ; Ziock, H.J. ( n.d. ) . Capturing C dioxide from air. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.netl.doe.gov/publications/proceedings/01/carbon_seq/7b1.pdf Tables and Figures

Acustic Guitars essays

Acustic Guitars essays Since before Edison, since before the mayflower, one instrument has dominated the way we make and listen to music. This instrument is the guitar. Over its long life the guitar has undergone many drastic and important changes. Its most recent change was came when the guitar was fused with electricity to make the electric guitar. Since the advent of the electric guitar, the conventional, acoustic guitar has remained popular. An acoustic guitar is made up of several important parts like the bridge, the nut, the frets, the tuning pegs, and the body. The most important of these parts is the sound board. The sound board is what makes the noise made by the guitar audible to the human ear. With out the sound board the sounds made by the string would be very hard to hear. To accomplish this, the strings are connected, through the nut to the sound board, which with the of the hole at its center, resonates the sound inside the guitar and makes it many times louder. The body of a guitar co nsists of two regions know as the upper and lower bouts. The upper-bout resonates the higher pitched notes, while the lower-bout resonates the lower pitched notes. When a manufacturer wants to make a guitar, he must first pick his materials. For the body of the guitar, spruce is usually picked because it makes the best resonation. The upper parts of the guitar is usually made up of a harder wood like mahogany or cedar is chosen to reinforce the guitars strength. The individual pieces of the guitar are cut first using precision saws that are run by computer. The pieces then enter the bounding department in which they are glued together using animal hide glue made especially for musical instruments. The glued pieces are bounded by tape while the glue sets over night. After the pieces are glue firmly together they inspected for quality. Then the fittings like the tuning pegs and the frets are glued into place. Then any kind of decorative pieces ...

TVs War on Me and I

TVs War on Me and I TVs War on Me and I TVs War on Me and I By Maeve Maddox Television scriptwriters or perhaps actors who are failing to read what has been written for themseem to be determined to reverse the functions of the pronouns I and me in American speech. Refresher I is the subject form of the first person personal pronoun. It stands for the person speaking. This subject form is used as the subject of a sentence: I am attending a conference in Chicago this week. Charles and I are attending the conference together. NOTE: The courteous way to construct a compound subject in which I is one of the subject words is to place the other person first: Charles and I are attending. He and I are attending. Purists may insist on It is I, but in conversation, most Americans say Its me. Its safe to say, therefore, that the ONLY time to use the pronoun I is as the subject of a sentence. Me is the object form of the first person personal pronoun. It is the receiver of an action or the object of a preposition. It is NEVER the subject of a verb. Examples: Direct object: Please invite me. Please invite Tommy and me. Indirect object: Give me the book. Give James and me the book. Object of preposition: Dads riding with me. (object of with) The children live with Sally and me. In writing fiction I know enough not to put the same grammar or vocabulary in the mouths of a child, a garage mechanic, an ESL learner, and a college professor. On the other hand, unless theres something about the characters personality to make him deliberately flout the rules of standard English, I would have a native English speaker who has completed at least eight years of formal education use the pronouns I and me correctly. I might put the construction Me and him went to the movies into the mouth of a privately-educated teenager who wanted to make his parents cringe, but I wouldnt give the line to an assistant district attorneyunless I meant for the reader to question her credibility. See what you think of these gleanings from Prime Time: Law and Order Him and Eric had words at the Baby Doll a young bank executive Did he ever confide in you what him and Kate have been going through? Detective Green Callng on Wong and I to attend Alexandra Borgia, Assistant District Attorney Cold Case Files Vic and him stopped talking as soon as she moved out. a fireman Without A Trace I was looking for a recent photo of Jimmy and I affluent, apparently educated girlfriend of a missing person Did he ever talk about a grudge between he and some of the guys? Jack Malone, senior FBI agent Numbers I made a reservation for Megan and I at an Ethiopian restaurant. Larry Fleinhardt, PhD Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Types of LanguageConfused Words #3: Lose, Loose, LossPassed vs Past

Current Event Review 2 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Current Event Review 2 - Article Example In my opinion, the fears of parents are valid to a good extent because a large number of children throughout the world are using social networks, and consequently, revealing a great deal of personal information on these websites as well. Most of these children are not conscious of the intricate online privacy settings which are designed in a way to gain as much personal information as possible. Besides, I believe the uneasiness of the parents associated with advertising is justifiable too, as advertisers on social networks often use personal information of the individuals to market products which are close to their liking. These tactics employed by the social networks breach the fundamental concepts of Business Ethics, in terms of use of information, security and advertising. However, the negative impact of such measures is also being felt by the businesses themselves as their reputation faces a serious challenge from not only parents but also groups like Common Sense Media, which ar e launching campaigns for legislation in this regard. The article explains an important issue which is of significance and concern for parents as well as business groups. Proper legislations and measures should be taken for the protection of privacy of people as well as for maintaining the policies of business ethics for maintaining the integrity and credibility of businesses. Ingram, M. (2010, October 10). â€Å"Parents Say Social Networks Dont Protect Childrens Privacy.† Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved from:

Eaarth book Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Eaarth book - Essay Example The author begins by exploring environmental problems in the current earth or changes that people have caused on the planet. Global warming is a direct consequence of human activity. However, people deal with the problem as a future problem instead of considering it as a modern problem. This makes them to lack seriousness or emphasis on the problem and possible solutions. The phenomenon has also contributed to the abnormalities and misplacement of priorities in the modern earth. For instance, it is only in the eaarth where people will import more oil than food. In addition, in eaarth the largest company deals with production of fossil fuels and manufacture of cars instead of food production (McKibben 25). The misplaced priorities are the determinant of our modern economies. The author argues that most countries are concerned with economic growth than the effects that environmental growth has on their economies. According to the author, the different methods used to measure economic growth are invalid. This is because the different measures of economic growth do not indicate the actual economic position of a country. For instance, measures of economic growth in a country do not capture the effect of economic activities on the environment. â€Å"Therefore, we need to re-define the term growth in our new planet† (McKibben 48). In the second chapter, the author combines scientific findings and political aspirations to create political economics. This indicates that people have left the responsibility of the environment to global politicians. According to the author’s argument, politicians cannot provide solutions by themselves. As wealthy countries such as the US plan for a n unlimited economic growth, poor nations are struggling with problems that have resulted from environmental degradation. This indicates that we are moving towards a dark future. These problems nullifies the claims that people in developed have over